Indigenous Rights and the Night Sky: Reconciling Satellite Mega-Constellations with Indigenous Astronomical Traditions

Abstract

The rapid expansion of satellite mega-constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) has introduced significant challenges for astronomy, particularly for Indigenous communities whose astronomical traditions are deeply interwoven with cultural, spiritual, and practical knowledge systems. While these satellites provide essential global services, such as internet connectivity, their increasing numbers obstruct the night sky, threatening Indigenous relationships with celestial bodies that have been sustained for millennia. This disruption not only impacts Indigenous astronomy but also raises broader ethical concerns regarding the governance of Outer Space. International space law, including the Outer Space Treaty, asserts that space is the "province of all mankind." However, the interests of Indigenous Peoples have largely been overlooked in discussions surrounding satellite deployment. Existing legal frameworks, such as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), offer protections for Indigenous cultural practices, yet their applicability to Outer Space remains unaddressed. The lack of Indigenous representation in decision-making processes related to space governance further exacerbates these challenges. This paper argues for the inclusion of Indigenous voices in shaping policies that impact their ability to practice and preserve astronomical traditions. Potential pathways for engagement include collaboration with international organizations like the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS), as well as domestic initiatives with national space agencies. Recognizing Indigenous knowledge systems as a vital part of humanity’s shared relationship with the cosmos is essential to ensuring that the expansion of space activities is both inclusive and sustainable. By fostering dialogue and integrating Indigenous perspectives into space governance, it is possible to strike a balance between technological progress and the protection of cultural heritage.